In the blog i have attempted to highlight the spiritual significance of various Hindu religious festivals.
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ஆடி (பதிணெட்டாம்) பெருக்கின் ஆன்மீக மகிமை (āṭi (patiṇeṭṭām) perukkiṉ āṉmīka makimai – spiritual significance of Adi (Padinettam) Perukku)
Today is auspicious ஆடி (பதினெட்டாம்) பெருக்கு(āḍi padineṭṭām perukku). As the name indicates, this day is annually celebrated on the 18th day in the Tamil solar month - ஆடி / आषाढ(āḍi / āṣāḍha) which corresponds to Gregorian calendar between July mid to August mid. As many of us know, the entire month of ஆடி (āḍi) is considered spiritually very vibrant month, as it is loaded with many spiritually significant events including ஆடிசெவ்வாய் (āḍisevvaai), ஆடிவெள்ளி (āḍiveḻḻi), ஆடிகிர்திகை (āḍikirthigai), ஆடிஎகாதசி (āḍiekaadhasi), ஆடிஅமமவாசை (āḍiamāvasai), ஆடிபூரம் (āḍipūram), வரலக்ஷ்மிவிரதம்(varalakṣmi viradam) etc. On similar lines ஆடிபெருக்கு (āḍiperukku), is another very sacred event.
Astrologically (and thereby astronomically) speaking, the beginning of ஆடி (āḍi) corresponds to the celestial event of कर्कशंकरान्ति (karkaśaṁkarānti - Cancer transition) that is, Sun's annual transition to the कर्कटकराशि / கடகராசி (karkaṭakarāśi / kaṭaka rāsi- Cancer Zodiac) from here on begins दक्षिणायण (dakṣiṇāyaṇa - southwardmovement) of सूर्य (sūrya - Sun) - theologized as भगवान्सूर्यनरायण (bhagavānsūryanarāyaṇa). In terms of (astronomical) seasonal changes, the period of दक्षिणायण (dakṣiṇāyaṇa - southwardmovement) fall between summer solstice & winter solstice. Please remember that, in this context, such traditional calculation of दक्षिणायण (dakṣiṇāyaṇa - southwardmovement) is based on the Tamil Solar calendar beginning from Tamil solar month தை (thai), corresponding to मकरशंक्रान्ति (makaraśaṁkrānti) celebrated as சூரியபொங்கள் (sUryapongaL), when the Sun enters the मकरराशि(makara rāśi – Capricorn zodiac). So based on this calendar system, the month of ஆடி / आषाढ (āḍi/ āṣāḍha) corresponds to the sixth month, and from here on starts the दक्षिणायण (dakṣiṇāyaṇa - southwardmovement). Please recollect our geography lessons that Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn are significant space-time points in the celestial sphere. Spiritually, speaking दक्षिणायण (dakṣiṇāyaṇa - southwardmovement) represents the downward flow of ब्रह्मज्ञान (brahmajñāna - spiritualwisdom) as देववाक् (devavāk - Divine Inspiration / Logos) from परमात्म (paramātma – Divine Being/ God) to जीवात्म (jīvātma – corporealman). The theology (& corresponding iconography) ofश्रीदक्षिनामूर्ति (śrī dakṣināmūrti – sacred south facing deity) imparting wisdom to his beloved disciples, also esoterically signifies the same message. With this background on the sacred month of ஆடி / आषाढ (āḍi/ āṣāḍha), let us understand the special significance of ஆடிபெருக்கு (āḍiperukku). As indicated above this event corresponds to the 18th day of the sacred month. So what is the significance of 18? The number 18 is also esoterically significant number, as indicated below:
अष्टदश महापुराणशास्त्राणि (aṣṭadaśa mahāpurāṇaśāstrāṇi - eighteen grand puranic scriptures)
अष्टदशदिनाः महाभारतयुद्धस्य (aṣṭadaśadināḥ mahābhāratayuddhasya - eighteen days of mahabharata war)
अष्टदशपर्वाः महभारत इतिहाससे (aṣṭadaśaparvāḥ mahabhārata itihāsase – eighteen sections in the Mahabharata epic)
In a nutshell, the sacred number பதிணெட்டு (padhiNettu – eighteen) represent 18 principle milestones in one’s spiritual progress. Each of these steps is in fact overloaded with multiple meanings. For example, according to certain occult schools, these 18 milestones represent the journey of the soul across 18 spiritual realms of consciousness - starting from the gross physical stage to higher realms of supra-mental consciousness.
#
Pilgrim’s progressive
milestone
1
भूतजाग्रतवस्था
/ निमित्ततत्त्व(bhūtajāgratavasthā / nimittatattva - material wake state / causality
principle)
2
भूतस्वप्नावस्था
/ कालतत्त्व(bhūtasvapnāvasthā / kālatattva - material dream state / temporal
principle)
3
भूतसुषुप्तियवस्था
/ देशतत्त्व(bhūtasuṣuptiyavasthā / deśatattva - material sleep state / spatial
principle)
4
जीवजाग्रतवस्था(jīvajāgratavasthā - mundane wake
state)
Similarly, the பதிணெட்டுபடிகள் (padiṇeṭṭu paḍigaḻ – eighteen steps) represent the अष्टदशमहासिद्ध्यः (aṣṭadaśamahāsiddhyaḥ – eighteen occult faculties / powers) one acquires when atains the respective spiritual milestone. Again to the लय योग (laya yoga) school, the பதிணெட்டுபடிகள் (padiṇeṭṭu paḍigaḻ – eighteen steps) corresponds to the अष्टदश आधार चक्राः कुण्डलिनीशक्तिमण्डलस्य (aṣṭadaśa ādhāra cakrāḥ kuṇḍalinīśaktimaṇḍalasya - eighteen base centre of coiled energy circuit) within the सूक्षम शरीर (sūkṣama śarīra)
This, ஆடிபெருக்கு(āḍiperukku) gains all the more sanctity considering its month and day on which it falls. Ritualistically, speaking, during this sacred day of ஆடிபெருக்கு (āḍiperukku), worship of the sacred rivers (waters), lakes and water beds, forms the main theme, esoterically contemplating the दक्षिनायनगतिदेववाकस्य (dakṣināyanagatidevavākasya – southward /downward movement of divine gnosis) that from God to Man. This is why, all major rivers in India viz. गङ्गा (gaṅgā), यमुना (yamunā), सरस्वती (sarasvati), गोदावरी (godāvarī), नर्मदा (narmadā), ब्रह्मपुत्र(brahmaputra),तुङ्गबद्रा (tuṅgabadrā), कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa), காவேரி (kaavEri), தாமிரபரணி (thaamirabaraNi), வைகை(vaigai), etc., are theologized as the शक्तितत्त्व(śakti tattva – kinetic / feminine energy principle). For example, सरस्वती (sarasvati), is symbolized as Goddess सरस्वती(sarasvatī), which is also one of the legendary rivers of ancient India. It is the highly eulogized in the sacred ऋक्वेदसंहिता (ṛgvedasaṁhitā - rig vedic corpus), referred in almost 72 mantras. सरस्वती(sarasvatī) was one of the major physical rivers in northern India, which used to rise in the हिमाचल (himācala - Himalayan) mountain ranges and flow down to different parts of north India and even the Thar desert was once a fertile land where the sacred river had streamed. Of course, now it has mostly dried up. Even according to modern geological and geo-glacial discoveries during the Vedic period, it was one of the most fertile lands. In fact, according to modern geological research, hints of fertile Sarasvati-Sindu river can be traced even during Holocene geological epoch (roughly around 12,000 years ago). Subsequently due to major plate tectonics disturbances on the earth’s crust, caused major drainage of the sacred river. However, more than the physical aspect of the river, what is glorified in the holy scriptures about the sacred rivers is its spiritual flow, technically called as சக்திநிபாதம் (saktinipaadham – flow of energy)as अनुग्रहशक्ति(anugrahaśakti – energy of grace). According to Sri Aurobindho,
“Mahasaraswati is the Mother's Power of Work and her spirit of perfection and order. The science and craft and technique of things are Mahasaraswati's province. Always she holds in her nature and can give to those whom she has chosen the intimate and precise knowledge, the subtlety and patience, the accuracy of intuitive mind and conscious hand and discerning eye of the perfect worker”.
This flow is beautifully, theologized as the downward flow of river from the mountain-top – just like sacred river गङ्गा (gaṅgā – Ganges) flows down from the शिखण्डक(śikhaṇḍaka – tuft of hair) in theशिरस् परमशिवस्य(śiras paramaśivasya - head of Parama Shiva)), which in occult yogic terms corresponds to द्वदशान्त(dvadaśānta – twelfth endpoint) on the सहस्रार पद्म चक्र (sahasrāra padma cakra- thousand petalled lotus center). This ब्रह्मज्ञानावतार(brahmajñānāvatāra – spiritual gnosis descent)is what is revealed as नादस्पन्दनमन्त्रशक्ति(nādaspandanamantraśakti - theo-sonic jitters of mantra energy) at the आज्ञाचक्र (ājñācakra – command center)to the spiritually evolved ऋषि-मुनि-कव्यः(ṛṣi-muni-kavyaḥ – seer-sage poets). That is why a saint to whom the highest पज्ञानमन्त्रविद्य्या ( prajñāna mantra vidyā - transcendental theo-sonic wisdom) that streamed down as पष्यन्तिवाक्(paṣyanti vāk - visible logos) and received in the form of ब्रम्हआज्ञा (brahma ājñā - divine command) at the आज्ञाचक्र (ājñā chakra - command center) is called ऋषिमुनि (ṝṣimuni - seer Sage) which was subsequently spelt out as वैखरिकशब्द (vaikhārika vāk - articulated speech) called as श्रुति शास्त्र्(śruti śāstra - heard scripture). The story of காவேரி (kāvēri) – one of the main sacred rivers of South India, also has such an esoteric significance. According to orthodox legends, sage महऋषिअगस्त्य /மஹரிஷி அகத்தியர்(mahaṛṣi agastya) is known to have brought down the sacred காவேரி (kāvēri)to South India. The following verses from மணிமேகலை (manimekalai), for example, speaks about the sacred river’s origin
King Kānthan of the Chola country asked the goddess Kāviri, to come and make his lineage flourish.
Agastya’s pot was turned over by a crow and its water flowed as the Kāviri river in the Chola country.
Sambāpathi, the goddess of the Chola country, saw Kāviri, welcomed her and said, “You are the Ganga of the sky. You, light, came here for king Kānthan.”
Agastya told Kāviri, “Mother, listen. You should worship the ancient Sambāpathi.”
Kāviri, the goddess of wonderful Tamil and of the Chola lineage, never fails to flow in the land of Bharatham praised by poets. She saw Sambāpathi and worshiped her. .
Sambāpathi, pleased to see Kāviri, said, “I have named this city after you. When Brahma created it he named it after me, and so this city has two names, Champu and Kāvirippumpattinam.”
-translation by Kausalya Harth
Tamil Reference :- மணிமேகலை (maṇimēgalai),
Again, in yogic terms this legend represents the journey of the कुण्डलिनीशक्ति(kuṇḍalinīśakti – bio magnetic coiled energy) along the आधारचक्राः(ādhāracakrāḥ – base centers) and attaining महानिर्वाण (mahā nirvāṇa). Of course, in occult etymological terms the nameஅகத்தியர்(mahaṛṣi agastya)is a corrupted version of the காரனப்பெயர் (kāranppeyar – causal name) viz.அகத்தீயர் (agattīyar – inner fire). In other words, it represents a yogic adept who has kindled his inner fire of spiritual wisdom, better known as कुण्डलिनीशक्ति (kuṇḍalinīśakti – bio magnetic coiled energy). Just as in terms of sacred geography, कैलाश् (kailāś)as the उत्तरद्रि (uttarādri)in the Northern India corresponds to the सहस्रारपद्मचक्र (sahasrārapadmacakra - thousand petalled lotus center), பொதிகைமலை (podhigaimalai - podhigai hills) in the deep south corresponds to the sacred मूलाधारचक्र(mūlādhāracakra – primarybase center). It is between these two spiritual nodes the sacred शब्दब्रह्म(śabdabrahma - divine logos) flows down as divine inspiration symbolized by the sacred rivers गङ्गा (gaṅgā), यमुना (yamunā), सरस्वती (sarasvati)etc., in North and as காவேரி (kāvēri), தாமிரபரணி (tāmirabaraṇi), வைகை(vaigai)etc., in the south. Of course, காவேரி (kāvēri)is one of the most sacred rivers in the south India. In fact, most of the பாடல்பெற்றசிவாலயங்கள் (pādal peṛṛa sivālayañgaḻ -euologizedshiva temples) as well as மங்களாசாசனம் பெற்ற வைணவ திவ்ய தேசங்கள் (mañgaḻāsāsanam peṛṛa vaiṇava divya dēsañgaḻ) have been consecrated along its shores. This is fact itself is a great testimony of the importance given to the sacred river. I am reminded of the famous verses from சிலபதிகாரம் (silapadikāram) glorifying the sacred river.
Original
Transliteration
Translation
திங்கள் மாலை வெண்குடையான் சென்னி செங்கோல் அதுஒச்சிக் கங்கை தன்னைப் புணர்ந்தாலும் புலவாய் வாழி காவேரி. கங்கை தன்னைப் புணர்ந்தாலும் புலவாது ஒழிதல் கயல்கண்ணாய். மங்கை மாதர் பெருங்கற்புஎன்று அறிந்தேன் வாழி காவேரி.
Hail to thee, Kaveri ! Even if our Cola king, whose garlanded parasol is as white as the moon, extends his righteous sceptre far and weds the Ganges,^ thou wilt not sulk. I have learnt, O fish-eyed one, that not sulking, even though he weds the Ganges, is the supreme virtue of chaste ladies. Hail to thee, Kaveri !
If our king, whose garlanded umbrella is white and stable, extends his unbending sceptre far, weds Kanni (Kanyakumari), O Kaveri ! thou wilt not sulk. Hail to thee ! I have learnt that not sulking, fish-eyed Kaveri, even if he weds Kanyakumari, is the mighty virtue of ever-chaste ladies. Live long, O Kaveri !
Hail to thee, Kaveri ! Thou walkedst (flowed) along, listening to the songs of the ploughmen, the resonance of the sluices, the roar of the breaking waters, and the noise of the festive crowd celebrating thy freshes. All this flow of thine, along with the din of merrymaking, is expressive of the prosperity of our king, who possesses soldiers with unbridled tongues. Hail to thee, Kaveri !
- translation by V.R. Ramachandra Dikshitar
Tamil Reference :- சிலபதிகாரம்(silapadikāram),
I am reminded of the famousதிரைஇசைப்பாடல்(tirai icaip pāṭal - film-music song)that occurs in the filmஅகத்தியர்(agastya),soul kindling lyrics enned byஸ்ரீ குன்னக்குடி வைத்தியநாதன்(srī kuṉṉakkuṭi vaittiyanātaṉ)and rendered in the bone-melting voice ofதிருசீர்காழிகோவிந்தராஜன்(tiru cīrkāḻi gōvindarājaṉ)incidentally who also acts as the noble saintஸ்ரீஅகத்தியமகரிஷி(srī akattiya makariṣi).
அடர்ந்த மலைத்தொடரில் அவதரித்தாய் அடர்ந்த மலைத்தொடரில் அவதரித்தாய் இந்த அழகுத் தமிழ் நிலத்தை அலங்கரித்தாய் அடர்ந்த மலைத்தொடரில் அவதரித்தாய் இந்த அழகுத் தமிழ் நிலத்தை அலங்கரித்தாய் நடந்த உன் வழியெல்லாம் நலமளித்தாய் நடந்த உன் வழியெல்லாம் நலமளித்தாய்
நங்கையர் உனை வணங்கவும் மலர்கள் கொஞ்சும் சோலைகள் நெருங்கவும் நங்கையர் உனை வணங்கவும் மலர்கள் கொஞ்சும் சோலைகள் நெருங்கவும் இன்ப யாழிசை முழங்கவும் செவியில் செந்தமிழ்த் தேன் வழங்கவும் இன்ப யாழிசை முழங்கவும் செவியில் செந்தமிழ்த் தேன் வழங்கவும் அசைந்து வளைந்து நெளிந்து தொடர்ந்து அலைகடலெனுமொரு மணமகன் துணை பெறவே
Walking, living, Kaveri Wherever you go, there is goodness in abundance Wherever you go, there is goodness in abundance Walking, living, Kaveri In the intertwined hills, you appeared In the intertwined hills, you appeared You adorned this beautiful Tamil land In the intertwined hills, you appeared You adorned this beautiful Tamil land You guided me along your path You guided me along your path Nangaiyar, worship you, flowers Little gardens, bloom Nangaiyar, worship you, flowers Little gardens, bloom Enjoy the sweet music Offer honey made of pure Tamil in your ears Enjoy the sweet music Offer honey made of pure Tamil in your ears Embrace, hold, and continue As the eternal son of the vast ocean, receive support. -translation help Gen AI
Tamil Reference: திரை இசைப் பாடல் (tirai icaip pāṭal - film-music song)
Similarly, தாமிரபரணி / தாமிரவருணி (tāmirabaraṇi / tāmiravaruṇi)is again considered a very sacred river that originates from the sacredபொதிகைமலை (podhigai malai). It is called தாமிரவருணி (ttāmiravaruṇi) because it is considered as the gift of Lord ஸ்ரீவருணதேவன் (sri varuṇdēvan – Lord of Rain) and it is called தாமிரபரணி (tāmirabaraṇi – copper stream)because of abundance of copper which has high medicinal values. This river is also highly eulogized both in ancient சங்கதமிழ்இலக்கியங்களஂ (sañga tamiḹ ilakkiyañgaḻ – classical Tamil literature), சித்தர் பாடல்கள் (siddarpāḍalgaḻ - siddhar songs) etc., as well as various Sanskrit texts includingमहाभारत (mahābhārata)etc., Even ignoring the spiritual significance of this sacred rivers and the ஆடி (பதினெட்டாம்) பெருக்கு(āḍi padineṭṭām perukku) festival, purely from an agricultural (empirical) perspective as well, rivers form a very important role in human existence and growth and thanks-giving to the sacred rivers makes sense as thanks giving to our beloved Mother Nature. For after all, நீரின்றிஅமையாதுஉலகு (nīrinṛi amaiyādu ulagu - world cannot sustain without waters). In Tamil Nadu, the monsoon seasons that brings rains needed for agricultural fertility typically start during the sacred month of ஆடி(āḍi) and that is why the proverb says ஆடிப்பட்டம்தேடிவிதை (āḍiipattam tēḍi vidai).
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